Interactive Graphics in R

class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide

# Interactive Graphics in R
## <a href='https://plot.ly/r/'>with Plotly</a>
### Morten Andersen & Andreas Hald Espensen
### 2019-04-23 (updated: 2019-05-09)

---

# Basics

Plotly in R website: https://plot.ly/r/

"Plotly is an R package for creating interactive web-based graphs via the open source JavaScript graphing library [plotly.js](https://plot.ly/javascript/)."

Rendered locally through the [htmlwidgets](http://www.htmlwidgets.org/) framework.

**Installation**:

```r
if (!require("plotly")) install.packages("plotly")
library(plotly)
```

**Getting Started**: https://plot.ly/r/getting-started/

*How did we come across the Plotly library?*

???

By no means exhaustive. Only an introduction to plotly.

Working on shiny apps as a Student Assistant at Grundfos' Data Analytics department.

---

# Creating a Plot

`plot_ly`: Maps R objects to plotly.js.

**Usage**:

```r
plot_ly(data = data.frame(), ..., type = NULL, name, color, colors = NULL,
  alpha = NULL, stroke, strokes = NULL, alpha_stroke = 1, size,
  sizes = c(10, 100), span, spans = c(1, 20), symbol, symbols = NULL,
  linetype, linetypes = NULL, split, frame, width = NULL, height = NULL,
  source = "A")
```

`data`: Data frame (optional)

`...`: Arguments passed along to the trace type. E.g. `x = 1:10`, `x = ~Time`, `y`, etc.

???

---

# Creating a Plot - Let's see it in action!

```r
p <- plot_ly(midwest, x = ~percollege, color = ~state, type = "box")
p
```

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???

`Midwest` data set: Demographic information of midwest counties.
`percollege`: Percent college educated.

---

# Connection with ggplot2

Contains the function `ggplotly` which will convert `ggplot2` figures into a Plotly object.

You have the option to manipulate the object with the `style` function.

More information at: https://plot.ly/ggplot2/extending-ggplotly/

???

---

# Connection with ggplot2

```r
p <- ggplot(fortify(forecast::gold), aes(x, y)) + geom_line()
```

```
## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'xts':
##   method     from
##   as.zoo.xts zoo
```

```
## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'quantmod':
##   method            from
##   as.zoo.data.frame zoo
```

```
## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'forecast':
##   method             from    
##   fitted.fracdiff    fracdiff
##   residuals.fracdiff fracdiff
```

```r
p
```

![](index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png)

???

`gold`: Gold price time series - Daily morning gold prices in US dollars. 1 January 1985 - 31 March 1989.

---

# Connection with ggplot2

```r
p <- ggplot(fortify(forecast::gold), aes(x, y)) + geom_line()
gg <- ggplotly(p)
gg
```

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???

---

# Connection with ggplot2

```r
p <- ggplot(fortify(forecast::gold), aes(x, y)) + geom_line()
gg <- ggplotly(p)
gg <- style(gg, line = list(color = 'gold'), hoverinfo = "y", traces = 1)
gg
```

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???

---

# Cheatsheet + Cookbook

Handy cheatsheet available at: https://images.plot.ly/plotly-documentation/images/r_cheat_sheet.pdf.

Cookbook available at: https://plotly-r.com/index.html

???

---

# Creating a Plot

```r
trace_0 <- rnorm(100, mean = 5)
trace_1 <- rnorm(100, mean = 0)
trace_2 <- rnorm(100, mean = -5)
x <- c(1:100)
data <- data.frame(x, trace_0, trace_1, trace_2)
head(data)
```

```
##   x  trace_0      trace_1   trace_2
## 1 1 7.504929 -0.179177707 -4.316720
## 2 2 5.291646 -0.708512684 -4.686275
## 3 3 4.422269  0.003913931 -4.455104
## 4 4 4.276195 -1.452620827 -5.188447
## 5 5 4.500436 -2.984828576 -5.417425
## 6 6 5.854183 -2.122019810 -4.489960
```

???
---

# Creating a Plot

```r
p <- plot_ly(data, x = ~x, y = ~trace_0, name = 'trace 0', type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines') %>%
 add_trace(y = ~trace_1, name = 'trace 1', mode = 'lines+markers') %>%
 add_trace(y = ~trace_2, name = 'trace 2', mode = 'markers')
#p <- p %>% layout(hovermode = 'compare') 
p
```

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???
---
# Creating a Plot

```r
p_hist <- data %>% plot_ly(alpha = 0.6) %>%
 add_histogram(x = ~trace_0) %>% add_histogram(x = ~trace_1) %>% add_histogram(x = ~trace_2) %>% 
 layout(barmode = "overlay", xaxis = list(title = "My x-axis title"))
p_hist
```

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???

---
# Iris

```r
pal <- c("red", "blue", "green")

p <- iris %>% plot_ly(x = ~Sepal.Length, y = ~Petal.Length, color = ~Species, colors = pal,
 type = "scatter", mode = "markers", hoverinfo = 'text',
 text = ~paste(' Species: ', Species,
 ' Petal Lenght: ', Petal.Length,
 ' Petal Width: ', Petal.Width))
p
```

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???

---
# dygraphs for R

dygraphs in R website: https://rstudio.github.io/dygraphs/index.html

"The dygraphs package is an R interface to the dygraphs JavaScript charting library. It provides rich facilities for charting time-series data in R" (https://rstudio.github.io/dygraphs/index.html)

```r
if (!require("dygraphs")) install.packages("dygraphs")
library(dygraphs)
```

???

---
# dygraphs for R

```r
lungDeaths <- cbind(mdeaths, fdeaths)
dygraph(lungDeaths) %>% dyRangeSelector()
```

<div id="htmlwidget-a7c4c39e2a7caa8257fa" style="width:864px;height:396px;" class="dygraphs html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-a7c4c39e2a7caa8257fa">{"x":{"attrs":{"labels":["month","mdeaths","fdeaths"],"legend":"auto","retainDateWindow":false,"axes":{"x":{"pixelsPerLabel":60}},"showRangeSelector":true,"rangeSelectorHeight":40,"rangeSelectorPlotFillColor":" #A7B1C4","rangeSelectorPlotStrokeColor":"#808FAB","interactionModel":"Dygraph.Interaction.defaultModel"},"scale":"monthly","annotations":[],"shadings":[],"events":[],"format":"date","data":[["1974-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-12-01T00:00:00.000Z"],[2134,1863,1877,1877,1492,1249,1280,1131,1209,1492,1621,1846,2103,2137,2153,1833,1403,1288,1186,1133,1053,1347,1545,2066,2020,2750,2283,1479,1189,1160,1113,970,999,1208,1467,2059,2240,1634,1722,1801,1246,1162,1087,1013,959,1179,1229,1655,2019,2284,1942,1423,1340,1187,1098,1004,970,1140,1110,1812,2263,1820,1846,1531,1215,1075,1056,975,940,1081,1294,1341],[901,689,827,677,522,406,441,393,387,582,578,666,830,752,785,664,467,438,421,412,343,440,531,771,767,1141,896,532,447,420,376,330,357,445,546,764,862,660,663,643,502,392,411,348,387,385,411,638,796,853,737,546,530,446,431,362,387,430,425,679,821,785,727,612,478,429,405,379,393,411,487,574]]},"evals":["attrs.interactionModel"],"jsHooks":[]}</script>

???

---
# Custom plots

```r
lungDeaths <- cbind(mdeaths, fdeaths)
dygraph(lungDeaths) %>%
 dyRangeSelector() %>%
 dyBarSeries('fdeaths') %>% 
 dyFilledLine('mdeaths')
```

<div id="htmlwidget-f40280e7f8a3d9149874" style="width:864px;height:324px;" class="dygraphs html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-f40280e7f8a3d9149874">{"x":{"attrs":{"labels":["month","fdeaths","mdeaths"],"legend":"auto","retainDateWindow":false,"axes":{"x":{"pixelsPerLabel":60}},"showRangeSelector":true,"rangeSelectorHeight":40,"rangeSelectorPlotFillColor":" #A7B1C4","rangeSelectorPlotStrokeColor":"#808FAB","interactionModel":"Dygraph.Interaction.defaultModel","series":{"fdeaths":{"axis":"y","plotter":"/**\n * Bar Chart plotter is adapted from http://dygraphs.com/tests/plotters.html\n */\nfunction barSeriesPlotter(e) {\n var g = e.dygraph;\n var ctx = e.drawingContext;\n var points = e.points;\n var axis = g.attr_(\"axis\", e.setName);\n var y_bottom = g.toDomYCoord(0, axis == \"y2\" ? 1 : 0);\n\n ctx.fillStyle = e.color;\n ctx.strokeStyle = e.color;\n\n // Find the minimum separation between x-values.\n // This determines the bar width.\n var min_sep = Infinity;\n for (var i = 1; i < points.length; i++) {\n var sep = points[i].canvasx - points[i - 1].canvasx;\n if (sep < min_sep) min_sep = sep;\n }\n var bar_width = Math.floor(2.0 / 3 * min_sep);\n\n // Do the actual plotting.\n for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {\n var p = points[i];\n var center_x = p.canvasx;\n\n ctx.fillRect(center_x - bar_width / 2, p.canvasy,\n bar_width, y_bottom - p.canvasy);\n\n ctx.strokeRect(center_x - bar_width / 2, p.canvasy,\n bar_width, y_bottom - p.canvasy);\n }\n}\n"},"mdeaths":{"axis":"y","plotter":"// the _fillplotter combined with the _lineplotter function extracted from dygraphs-combined-dev.js, available for use in conjunction with other per-series plotters and group plotters\n\nfunction filledlineplotter(e) {\n var g = e.dygraph;\n var setName = e.setName;\n\n var area = e.plotArea;\n var sets = e.allSeriesPoints;\n var setCount = sets.length;\n\n var fillAlpha = g.getNumericOption('fillAlpha');\n var stackedGraph = g.getBooleanOption(\"stackedGraph\");\n var colors = g.getColors();\n\n // For stacked graphs, track the baseline for filling.\n //\n // The filled areas below graph lines are trapezoids with two\n // vertical edges. The top edge is the line segment being drawn, and\n // the baseline is the bottom edge. Each baseline corresponds to the\n // top line segment from the previous stacked line. In the case of\n // step plots, the trapezoids are rectangles.\n var baseline = {};\n var currBaseline;\n var prevStepPlot; // for different line drawing modes (line/step) per series\n\n // Helper function to trace a line back along the baseline.\n var traceBackPath = function(ctx, baselineX, baselineY, pathBack) {\n ctx.lineTo(baselineX, baselineY);\n if (stackedGraph) {\n for (var i = pathBack.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n var pt = pathBack[i];\n ctx.lineTo(pt[0], pt[1]);\n }\n }\n };\n\n var ctx = e.drawingContext;\n\n var stepPlot = g.getBooleanOption('stepPlot', setName);\n var color = e.color\n var axis = g.axisPropertiesForSeries(setName);\n var axisY = 1.0 + axis.minyval * axis.yscale;\n if (axisY < 0.0) axisY = 0.0;\n else if (axisY > 1.0) axisY = 1.0;\n axisY = area.h * axisY + area.y;\n\n var points = e.points;\n var iter = Dygraph.createIterator(points, 0, points.length,\n DygraphCanvasRenderer._getIteratorPredicate(\n g.getBooleanOption(\"connectSeparatedPoints\", setName)));\n\n // setup graphics context\n var prevX = NaN;\n var prevYs = [-1, -1];\n var newYs;\n // should be same color as the lines but only 15% opaque.\n var rgb = Dygraph.toRGB_(color);\n var err_color =\n 'rgba(' + rgb.r + ',' + rgb.g + ',' + rgb.b + ',' + fillAlpha + ')';\n ctx.fillStyle = err_color;\n ctx.beginPath();\n var last_x, is_first = true;\n\n // If the point density is high enough, dropping segments on their way to\n // the canvas justifies the overhead of doing so.\n if (points.length > 2 * g.width_ || Dygraph.FORCE_FAST_PROXY) {\n ctx = DygraphCanvasRenderer._fastCanvasProxy(ctx);\n }\n\n // For filled charts, we draw points from left to right, then back along\n // the x-axis to complete a shape for filling.\n // For stacked plots, this \"back path\" is a more complex shape. This array\n // stores the [x, y] values needed to trace that shape.\n var pathBack = [];\n\n // TODO(danvk): there are a lot of options at play in this loop.\n // The logic would be much clearer if some (e.g. stackGraph and\n // stepPlot) were split off into separate sub-plotters.\n var point;\n while (iter.hasNext) {\n point = iter.next();\n if (!Dygraph.isOK(point.y) && !stepPlot) {\n traceBackPath(ctx, prevX, prevYs[1], pathBack);\n pathBack = [];\n prevX = NaN;\n if (point.y_stacked !== null && !isNaN(point.y_stacked)) {\n baseline[point.canvasx] = area.h * point.y_stacked + area.y;\n }\n continue;\n }\n \n if (isNaN(point.canvasy) && stepPlot) {\n newYs = [ area.y + area.h, axisY ];\n } else {\n newYs = [ point.canvasy, axisY ];\n }\n \n if (!isNaN(prevX)) {\n // Move to top fill point\n if (stepPlot) {\n ctx.lineTo(point.canvasx, prevYs[0]);\n ctx.lineTo(point.canvasx, newYs[0]);\n } else {\n ctx.lineTo(point.canvasx, newYs[0]);\n }\n\n } else {\n ctx.moveTo(point.canvasx, newYs[1]);\n ctx.lineTo(point.canvasx, newYs[0]);\n }\n \n prevYs = newYs;\n prevX = point.canvasx;\n \n }\n \n prevStepPlot = stepPlot;\n \n if (newYs && point) {\n traceBackPath(ctx, point.canvasx, newYs[1], pathBack);\n pathBack = [];\n }\n \n ctx.fill();\n \n //now execute the basic line plotter... per precedence noted in dygraph-combined-dev.js\n DygraphCanvasRenderer._linePlotter(e);\n}"}}},"scale":"monthly","annotations":[],"shadings":[],"events":[],"format":"date","data":[["1974-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1974-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1975-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1976-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1977-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1978-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","1979-12-01T00:00:00.000Z"],[901,689,827,677,522,406,441,393,387,582,578,666,830,752,785,664,467,438,421,412,343,440,531,771,767,1141,896,532,447,420,376,330,357,445,546,764,862,660,663,643,502,392,411,348,387,385,411,638,796,853,737,546,530,446,431,362,387,430,425,679,821,785,727,612,478,429,405,379,393,411,487,574],[2134,1863,1877,1877,1492,1249,1280,1131,1209,1492,1621,1846,2103,2137,2153,1833,1403,1288,1186,1133,1053,1347,1545,2066,2020,2750,2283,1479,1189,1160,1113,970,999,1208,1467,2059,2240,1634,1722,1801,1246,1162,1087,1013,959,1179,1229,1655,2019,2284,1942,1423,1340,1187,1098,1004,970,1140,1110,1812,2263,1820,1846,1531,1215,1075,1056,975,940,1081,1294,1341]]},"evals":["attrs.interactionModel","attrs.series.fdeaths.plotter","attrs.series.mdeaths.plotter"],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
???

---

class: center, middle

# Thank you!

Slides created via the [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan) R package.